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Source: http://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/article/20120104/GPG0602/201040592/1269&located=rss
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CLEVELAND (AP) ? A northeast Ohio well used to dispose of wastewater from oil and gas drilling almost certainly caused a series of 11 minor quakes in the Youngstown area since last spring, a seismologist investigating the quakes said Monday.
Research is continuing on the now-shuttered injection well at Youngstown and seismic activity, but it might take a year for the wastewater-related rumblings in the earth to dissipate, said John Armbruster of Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in Palisades, New York.
Brine wastewater dumped in wells comes from drilling operations, including the so-called fracking process to extract gas from underground shale that has been a source of concern among environmental groups and some property owners. Injection wells have also been suspected in quakes in Astabula in far northeast Ohio, and in Arkansas, Colorado, and Oklahoma, Armbruster said.
Thousands of gallons (liters) of brine were injected daily into the Youngstown well that opened in 2010 until its owner, Northstar Disposal Services LLC, agreed Friday to stop injecting the waste into the earth as a precaution while authorities assessed any potential links to the quakes.
After the latest and largest quake Saturday at 4.0 magnitude, state officials announced their beliefs that injecting wastewater near a fault line had created enough pressure to cause seismic activity. They said four inactive wells within a five-mile (8 kilometer) radius of the Youngstown well would remain closed. But they also stressed that injection wells are different from drilling wells that employ fracking.
Armbruster said Monday he expects more quakes will occur despite the shutdown of the Youngstown well.
"The earthquakes will trickle on as a kind of a cascading process once you've caused them to occur," he said. "This one year of pumping is a pulse that has been pushed into the ground, and it's going to be spreading out for at least a year."
The quakes began last March with the most recent on Christmas Eve and New Year's Eve each occurring within 100 meters (yards) of the injection well. The Saturday quake in McDonald, outside of Youngstown, caused no serious injuries or property damage.
Youngstown Democrat Rep. Robert Hagan on Monday renewed his call for a moratorium on fracking and well injection disposal to allow a review of safety issues.
"If it's safe, I want to do it," he said in a telephone interview. "If it's not, I don't want to be part and parcel to destruction of the environment and the fake promise of jobs."
He said a moratorium "really is what we should be doing, mostly toward the injection wells, but we should be asking questions on drilling itself."
A spokesman for Gov. John Kasich, an outspoken supporter of the growing oil and natural gas industry in Ohio, said the shale industry shouldn't be punished for a fracking byproduct.
"That would be the equivalent of shutting down the auto industry because a scrap tire dump caught fire somewhere," said Kasich spokesman Rob Nichols.
He said 177 deep injection wells have operated without incident in Ohio for decades and the Youngstown well was closed within 24 hours of a study detailing how close a Christmas Eve quake was to the well.
The industry-supported Ohio Oil and Gas Association said the rash of quakes was "a rare and isolated event that should not cast doubt about the effectiveness" of injection wells.
Such wells "have been used safely and reliably as a disposal method for wastewater from oil and gas operations in the U.S. since the 1930s," the association's executive vice president, Thomas E. Stewart, said in a statement Monday.
Environmentalists are critical of the hydraulic fracturing process, called fracking, which utilizes chemical-laced water and sand to blast deep into the ground and free the shale gas. Critics fear the process itself or the drilling liquid, which can contain carcinogens, could contaminate water supplies, either below ground, by spills, or in disposed wastewater.
Permits allowing hydraulic fracturing in Ohio's portion of the Marcellus and the deeper Utica Shale formations rose from one in 2006 to at least 32 in 2011.
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LONDON (Reuters) ? Resilience in the manufacturing sector and a surprise drop in German unemployment lifted global stocks and the euro on Tuesday but positive sentiment is seen vulnerable to a daunting schedule of first quarter debt issuance in Europe.
German unemployment fell more than expected in December, by 22,000 from the previous month to a seasonally adjusted 2.888 million, new data showed. The jobless rate edged down to 6.8 percent from 6.9 percent in November - a new record low since figures for unified Germany were first published.
"Firms are still willing to keep hiring. But we must brace ourselves for a deterioration on the labor market from the spring," said Commerzbank economist Eckart Tuchtfeld.
Europe's debt crisis still clouds the outlook, with heavy first quarter borrowing to refinance maturing debt expected to push the euro lower and undermine demand for the region's lower-rated sovereign debt.
"The maturing of debt is going to give investors the opportunity to take some of those funds back out of Europe, to repatriate some of those funds to reduce their exposure," said Ian Stannard, currency strategist at Morgan Stanley.
Signs of improved growth in the United States may also cool any speculation about another round of money-printing by the Federal Reserve, improving the outlook for the dollar.
The euro rose about 0.8 percent against the dollar to around $1.3030, but stayed within striking distance of its 2011 trough of $1.2858 hit last week.
The MSCI world equity index (.MIWD00000PUS) was up over 0.5 percent.
MANUFACTURING RESILIENCE
Recent slight rises in purchasing managers' indexes for China and the euro zone [nL3E8C20K] have encouraged risk appetite, especially in commodity markets.
China's official Purchasing Managers' Index rose to 50.3 in December from 49 in November - moving above the 50 mark which separates expansion from contraction.
Data on Tuesday also showed the official Purchasing Managers' Index for non-manufacturing sectors had rebounded strongly in December to 56.0 from 49.7 in November.
British manufacturing also beat expectations in December, showing signs of stabilizing after a two-month decline as orders from China and Germany picked up, data on Tuesday showed.
Investors will closely watch the ISM Manufacturing PMI data in the United States, due at 1500 GMT, for further signs of recovery in the world's biggest economy, with economists in a Reuters survey expecting a reading of 53.2 versus 52.7 in November.
"The data we've seen coming from the U.S. has actually surprised on the upside over the past few weeks and I think that's going to continue," said Morgan Stanley's Stannard.
The pick-up in the PMIs encouraged European stocks to a fourth consecutive session of gains. The FTSEurofirst 300 (.FTEU3) index of top European shares was up 0.7 percent at 1019.38 points after rising as high as 1,022.85, its highest level in more than two months.
The heavily commodity-weighted UK FTSE 100 (.FTSE) index was up 1.2 percent, lifted by strong gains in mining companies Xstrata (XTA.L) and Kazakhmys (KAZ.L), both up nearly 4 percent in early trade.
COMMODITIES RALLY
U.S. crude jumped nearly 2.5 percent to over $110 a barrel, in response to the escalating tensions between Iran and the West.
Military exercises in the Mideast Gulf by Iran and the movement of U.S. naval vessels in the area raised fears of a confrontation between Tehran and Washington that could cut off oil exports from the region.
Spot gold rose as much as 1.4 percent to $1,586.95 earlier on Tuesday, also helped by investors renewed appetite for riskier assets.
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Asset returns in 2011: http://r.reuters.com/suz52
Sector performance in 2011: http://link.reuters.com/wuv75s
Debt crisis in graphics: http://r.reuters.com/hyb65p
German unemployment: http://link.reuters.com/ded24s
Global manufacturing PMI: http://link.reuters.com/byv24shttp://link.reuters com/tap74s
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(Additional reporting by Neal Armstrong and Masayuki Kitano; Editing by Catherine Evans)
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With this out-of-band patch (MS11-100), Microsoft has completed a century of security updates in 2011. Writing on the Security Research and Defense blog, the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) team thanked the ASP.NET team for the ?hours and hours of work spent over the holiday on this issue.?
If exploited successfully, the said vulnerability could allow an attacker to exhaust all CPU resources on a web server, or even a cluster of servers, the company revealed in a blog post earlier this week. It blamed the vulnerability on a ?computationally expensive hash table insertion mechanism triggered by an HTTP request containing thousands and thousands of form values.?
?For ASP.NET in particular, a single specially crafted ~100kb HTTP request can consume 100% of one CPU core for between 90 ? 110 seconds. An attacker could potentially repeatedly issue such requests, causing performance to degrade significantly enough to cause a denial of service condition for even multi-core servers or clusters of servers.?
But the said DoS vulnerability is not the only one addressed by this security bulletin. It also includes patches for three other vulnerabilities, including a Critical Elevation-of-Privilege vulnerability. As for the remaining two, one is rated ?moderate? and the other ?important.? Apparently, an update for these three vulnerabilities was ready for dispatch when the company received notification of the DoS vulnerability. That security update was then put on hold until a fix was ready for the DoS vulnerability.
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